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Richard's Paradox

 
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jesternl
Yankee Doodle Dutchie



PostPosted: Fri Aug 17, 2007 1:39 pm    Post subject: 1 Reply with quote

(If nothing else, I like the name Revenge most foul!)

Clearly there are integers so huge they can't be described in fewer than 22 syllables. Put them all in a big pile and consider the smallest one. It's "the smallest integer that can't be described in fewer than 22 syllables."

That phrase has 21 syllables.
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Chuck
Daedalian Member



PostPosted: Fri Aug 17, 2007 3:24 pm    Post subject: 2 Reply with quote

If I make a list of all the integers that I claim are not describable in fewer than 22 syllables, you can then point to the lowest number on the list and claim that it is describable in fewer than 22 syllables. But then if I remove it from the list then that definition no longer describes it, so I have a number that's not describable in fewer than 22 syllables that's not on my list, so I have to put it back. Since the 21 syllable description cannot reliably identify this number, it is not a description of it, so it must be on the list of numbers that aren't describable in fewer than 22 syllables.
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CzarJ
Hot babe



PostPosted: Fri Aug 17, 2007 3:39 pm    Post subject: 3 Reply with quote

How much wood could a woodchuck, Chuck?
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Chuck
Daedalian Member



PostPosted: Fri Aug 17, 2007 4:29 pm    Post subject: 4 Reply with quote

All of it.
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Beartalon
'Party line' kind of guy



PostPosted: Fri Aug 17, 2007 5:32 pm    Post subject: 5 Reply with quote

All integers can be described in two syllables: "Number."
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Chuck
Daedalian Member



PostPosted: Fri Aug 17, 2007 6:24 pm    Post subject: 6 Reply with quote

We want descriptions of individual integers so we can tell them apart.
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Beartalon
'Party line' kind of guy



PostPosted: Fri Aug 17, 2007 10:59 pm    Post subject: 7 Reply with quote

Number one
Number two
Number three
...
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Poisonium
annoyed by the old



PostPosted: Sat Aug 18, 2007 11:30 am    Post subject: 8 Reply with quote

jesternl wrote:
the smallest integer that can't be described in fewer than 22 syllables.

I read as though no such number exists, as that way any number could be described in less than 22 syllables. Or maybe not.
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jesternl
Yankee Doodle Dutchie



PostPosted: Sat Aug 18, 2007 2:34 pm    Post subject: 9 Reply with quote

Poisonium wrote:
jesternl wrote:
the smallest integer that can't be described in fewer than 22 syllables.

I read as though no such number exists, as that way any number could be described in less than 22 syllables. Or maybe not.


But there can be only one of those.
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Poisonium
annoyed by the old



PostPosted: Sat Aug 18, 2007 3:00 pm    Post subject: 10 Reply with quote

Not necessarily. As this is a paradox, there are many ways of understanding it, and I see it as though that you basically conclude they can be described in less than 22 syllables.


Say for example we have found the lowest 10 numbers that cannot be described in less than 22 syllables. We run the line "the smallest integer that can't be described in fewer than 22 syllables." on the lowest of them. That way we can cross that one out. Seeing as we have just described that one, the next number can also be described, and so on and so forth. But then again, it is a paradox, so there is no final solution.

PS: The actual name of this is "Berry's Paradox".[/spoiler]
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Bicho the Inhaler
Daedalian Member



PostPosted: Mon Aug 20, 2007 4:05 pm    Post subject: 11 Reply with quote

Poisonium wrote:
But then again, it is a paradox, so there is no final solution.
A paradox is usually an apparent contradiction that is resolved by a closer examination. Perhaps...

- the predicate "x is the smallest number that cannot be defined in fewer than 22 syllables" doesn't define a number (which seems contradictory, but...)
- the predicate "x can be defined in fewer than 22 syllables" isn't well-defined

That doesn't seem right, does it? Surely a number either can or can't be defined in N syllables, right? But how would you formalize it mathematically? Take the predicate "x can be defined in N syllables." A formal statement of this would resemble

Quote:
There exists a syntactic formula P with length less than f(N) such that x satisfies the predicate represented by P, and for all y, if y satisfies the predicate represented by P, then y = x or y > x.


(f(N) is an appropriate function approximating lengths in syllables by corresponding formula lengths.)

The problem with that is the predicate "x satisfies the predicate represented by P." That predicate should be true if and only if P(x) is true. However, the concept of truth cannot be defined in axiomatic mathematics. There is no formally defined mathematical predicate "T(F)" that is true if and only if the syntactic formula F is true. So the above formalization attempt fails.

So I think the case is that the predicate "x can be defined in N syllables" can't be defined mathematically when N is 22 or greater. In that case, the "set of all numbers that can't be defined in fewer than 22 syllables" is formally undefined. It doesn't seem very satisfying. I'll have to think about this more...
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